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Influencia de varios factores sobre índices físicos del grano de cacao en fermentación
Ortiz de Bertorelli,Ligia; Rovedas L,Gervaise; Graziani de Fari？as,Lucía;
Agronomía Tropical , 2009,
Abstract: this study was carried out to evaluate the effect of fermentation time, cacao type, fruit storage and turning time on some physical indexes of the bean during the fermentation process. fruits of the types criollo and foras-tero from cumboto (aragua) were fermented freshly harvested (am1) and 5 days after harvesting (am2). fermentation was done in wooden boxes for 5 days with turning times of 24 and 48 hours as well as no movement of fermentating mass (sr) at whole. the fermentation temperature was measured in a daily base and the indexes of fermentation (if) and of swelling (ih) were measured at 0, 2 and 5 days after the beginning of the fermentation process. the results shown that during the fermentation process the temperature increased and reached its maximum value at the second day and then it decreased to values close to ambient temperature. the fermentation and swelling indexes also increased, reaching a maximum on day 5. related to the type of cacao and storage treatment, we found that the highest temperatures as well as the highest values of if and ih corresponded to the criollo variety and to the am2 storage treatment. related to the turning time, only significant differences (p≤0.05) were found for the ih index value, with the highest value where there were not movement during the fermentation process. in conclusion, the factors evaluated in this work influenced the fermentation process, and the storage of the beans before fermentation induced a faster fermentation process.
Evaluación de varios factores sobre características químicas del grano de cacao en fermentación
Ortiz de Bertorelli,Ligia; Graziani de Fari？as,Lucía; Gervaise,Rovedas L;
Agronomía Tropical , 2009,
Abstract: cacao fruits of the criollo and forastero types from cumboto (aragua), recently harvested (am1) and fruits which had 5 days after harvest were fermented without moving (sr) the fermentating mass (seeds and pulp) at whole, and moving it every 24 and 28 hours in order to evaluate how these treatments affect the chemical characteristics of the beans. the moisture content, ph, total tritable acidity, proteins and tannins contents were measured on pulp, grains and grain cotyledons. according to the results, the storage of the fruits induced a reduction of the moisture content and acidity and an increase in the content of tannins, whereas its effect on the proteins content was variable. the movement of the fermentating mass also affected the chemical characteristics of the beans; for both types of cacaos there was a reductions in the moisture content, acidity and content of tannins, while the ph and content of proteins was increased. however, there was not variations in the evaluated parameters due to the frequency of mass movement. the composition of the two fractions of beans showed significant differences (p≤0.05); the pulp of both cacaos exhibited the highest values of moisture content and ph, and the cotyledon of the forastero cacao the lowest acidity and the highest content of tannin. as a conclusion the chemical characteristics of fermentating beans were affected by fruit storage and by the frequency of movement of the fermentating mass.
Influencia de varios factores sobre características del grano de cacao fermentado y secado al sol1
Ortiz de Bertorelli,Ligia; Graziani de Fari？as,Lucía; Rovedas L,Gervaise;
Agronomía Tropical , 2009,
Abstract: in order to evaluate the influence of the cocoa type (criollo and forastero cocoa from cumboto, aragua), conditions of storage of the fruit prior to fermentation (fermented and dried immediately after harvest (am1) and 5 days after harvesting (am2)), frequency of mixing of the fermenting mass (seeds and pulp; fermentation was done for 5 days without mixing the fermenting mass (sr) and mixing the mass every 24 or 48 hours), and grain condition (fresh, fermented or dried), on the characteristics of fermented or sun-dried cocoa grains. grain chemical characteristics and physical indexes were measured. results showed that criollo cocoa had the highest acidity and humidity, fat and protein contents. also, criollo cocoa had the lowest quantity of slatery grains, while am2 grains and sr grains had the lowest quantities of black grain and fermented grains respectively. regarding the color, am2 grains showed the highest luminosity, and sr the lowest tendency to exhibit red and yellow grains. fermentation increased the cotyledon humidity, lower ph, acidity and no changes in tannins and proteins contents. in the sun dried samples the cotyledon humidity, acidity, tannins, and proteins decreased, but there was a ph increase. in conclusion, the properties of the dry grain varied according to the evaluated factors and the chemical characteristics of the cotyledon dependent on the grain condition
On totally disconnected generalised Sierpinski carpets
Ligia L. Cristea,Bertran Steinsky
Mathematics , 2013,
Abstract: Generalised Sierpinski carpets are planar sets that generalise the well-known Sierpinski carpet and are defined by means of sequences of patterns. We study the structure of the sets at the kth iteration in the construction of the generalised carpet, for k greater than or equal to 1. Subsequently, we show that certain families of patterns provide total disconnectedness of the resulting generalised carpets. Moreover, analogous results hold even in a more general setting. Finally, we apply the obtained results in order to give an example of a totally disconnected generalised carpet with box-counting dimension 2.
Uniform distribution with respect to density
Ligia L. Cristea,Milan Pasteka
Mathematics , 2015,
Abstract: The paper deals with a generalisation of uniform distribution. The analogues of Weyl's criterion are derived.
SISTEMA INTEGRADO DE GESTIóN PARA EMPRESAS TURíSTICAS
LóPEZ RODRíGUEZ,ALBA LIGIA;
Estudios Gerenciales , 2009,
Abstract: integrated management system for tourism companies the purpose of this article is to present the results of a study of a theoretical and practical reference framework (first and second stages) to accomplish the research objective in the third stage, which involves devising an approach for an integrated management system for tourism companies. the approach is focused on smes (small and medium-sized enterprises) which are linked with the production chain as a strategy that contributes to the development and sustainability of a world-class tourist destination. the project is discussed using the descriptive method. it starts with an analysis of the public policy of the colombian government, studies and experiences in foreign countries, guidelines issued by international organizations, and a study conducted in two different tourist destinations.
Trabalho, gest？o e subjetividade: dilemas de chefias Intermediárias em contexto hospitalar
Weber, Lílian;Grisci, Carmem Ligia Iochins;
Cadernos EBAPE.BR , 2010, DOI: 10.1590/S1679-39512010000100005
Abstract: this article seeks to understand the ways of living and giving meaning to the administration experience of the intermediate managers of a public school-hospital. research was developed through a case study at hospital de clínicas de porto alegre, in which 23 intermediate managers participated. data was collected by forming a group, in which a photographic intervention was proposed; through individual semi-structured interviews; through documental sources; through direct observation and informal conversations. data analysis was achieved based on the pertinent theoretical basis. the results of this research indicate that there is no unique way of being an intermediate manager at hcpa; that two administration manners coexist - public and private - in constant tension; that the notion of the immaterial work is pertinent to the hospital reality and that the administration manners form dilemmas to the intermediate managers. in this multiple and heterogeneous field subjectivities are generated and possibilities of experiencing pleasure and suffering at work appear.
Pheochromocytoma Anesthetic Management  [PDF]
Daniel D. Kim,Christiano Matsui,Judymara L. Gozzani,Ligia A. S. T. Mathias
Open Journal of Anesthesiology (OJAnes) , 2013, DOI: 10.4236/ojanes.2013.33035
Abstract: Pheochromocytomas are catecholamine producing tumors and although uncommon present a great challenge to the anesthesiologist since it has nonspecific clinical symptoms and risk of critical events, including death when not previously diagnosed. Clinical manifestation is variable, unspecific and depends on the catecholamine production profile. The classic triad of headache, palpitation and diaphoresis is present in up to 70% of the cases and only 50% have sustained hypertension. The best approach for pheochromocytoma treatment is surgical excision of the affected adrenal gland. The introduction of alpha adrenergic blockade medication, such as phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine had the highest impact in perioperative mortality reduction due to inhibition of the deleterious effect of vasoconstriction. The majority of anesthetic techniques and drugs are considered safe. Post-operative care in intensive care unit is advisable since patients may present instability of blood pressure and hypoglycemia. Genetic testing should be done in first-degree relatives of confirmed cases or when a genetic syndrome is suspected.
SISTEMA INTEGRADO DE GESTIóN PARA EMPRESAS TURíSTICAS
ALBA LIGIA LóPEZ RODRíGUEZ
Estudios Gerenciales , 2009,
Abstract: El propósito fundamental del artículo es presentar los resultados del estudio del marco de referencia teórico y práctico (primera y segunda etapa), para lograr el objetivo de investigación en una tercera etapa, la cual consiste en la formulación del modelo de un Sistema Integrado para la Gestión de Empresas Turísticas, orientado a las Mipymes articuladas en la cadena productiva como una estrategia que contribuya al desarrollo y sostenibilidad de un destino turístico de clase mundial. El proyecto se desarrolla con el método descriptivo, partiendo del análisis de la política pública del Estado colombiano, de estudios y experiencias de otros países, de directrices emanadas de organismos internacionales y de un estudio realizado en dos destinos turísticos.
Pheochromocytoma Anesthetic Management  [PDF]
Daniel D. Kim, Christiano Matsui, Judymara L. Gozzani, Ligia A. S. T. Mathias
Open Journal of Anesthesiology (OJAnes) , 2013, DOI: 10.4236/ojanes.2013.33035
Abstract:

Pheochromocytomas are catecholamine producing tumors and although uncommon present a great challenge to the anesthesiologist since it has nonspecific clinical symptoms and risk of critical events, including death when not previously diagnosed. Clinical manifestation is variable, unspecific and depends on the catecholamine production profile. The classic triad of headache, palpitation and diaphoresis is present in up to 70% of the cases and only 50% have sustained hypertension. The best approach for pheochromocytoma treatment is surgical excision of the affected adrenal gland. The introduction of alpha adrenergic blockade medication, such as phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine had the highest impact in perioperative mortality reduction due to inhibition of the deleterious effect of vasoconstriction. The majority of anesthetic techniques and drugs are considered safe. Post-operative care in intensive care unit is advisable since patients may present instability of blood pressure and hypoglycemia. Genetic testing should be done in first-degree relatives of confirmed cases or when a genetic syndrome is suspected.

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